James Dewey Watson is best known for co-discovering the structure of DNA, a breakthrough that earned him the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This discovery revealed how genes function and laid the foundation for molecular biology and evolutionary phylogenetics.
The significance of Watson’s work cannot be overstated; it unlocked the genetic code, profoundly shaping biological science and inspiring future generations of researchers, including bioinformatics and functional genomics experts.
Watson was also a polarizing figure, noted for candidly revealing the intense competition and rivalries within the scientific community. He was among the first Nobel laureates to share an unfiltered, personal view of the research world with the public.
Entering the University of Chicago at age 15, Watson initially planned to study ornithology. However, after reading Erwin Schrödinger’s book What is Life?—a collection of lectures on the chemistry and physics of cells—he shifted his focus to understanding the composition of genes, which was the greatest biological mystery at that time.
At that time, chromosomes were known to consist of protein and DNA, but their role as molecules of heredity was not fully understood.
“What is Life?” by Erwin Schrödinger inspired Watson to pursue the biggest question in biology: what genes are made of.
Author's Summary: James Watson's groundbreaking DNA discovery revolutionized biology, while his outspoken nature exposed the fierce realities of scientific research culture.