The South Atlantic magnetic anomaly: a scientific enigma with global implications

The South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly: A Scientific Enigma with Global Implications

The scientific community is increasingly worried about the expansion of a magnetic irregularity spreading over the Atlantic Ocean. This phenomenon weakens Earth’s magnetic shield and could have notable consequences for technology and ecosystems.

An Expanding Magnetic Weakness

Researchers worldwide are observing with concern the ongoing decline in the strength of the planet’s magnetic field across a wide zone over the South Atlantic. Known as the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), this magnetic depression lies between South America and Africa. Since its identification in the mid-20th century, the anomaly has grown larger and weaker over time, particularly during the past decade.

Satellite Observations and Data

According to precise measurements gathered by the European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites, launched in 2013, the affected region now spans an area roughly comparable to half of Europe. These findings confirm the continued expansion and intensity loss of the magnetic field in this part of the globe.

Origins and Natural Variability

The source of Earth’s magnetic protection lies deep underground, where the swirling motion of molten iron in the outer core works like a massive dynamo. This process generates electric currents that maintain the magnetic field. Yet, it is not stable. Over geological time, it has undergone considerable fluctuations — including complete reversals of the magnetic poles.

“What deeply intrigues researchers is the particularly erratic behavior in the South Atlantic region.”

Conclusion

The SAA remains one of the most puzzling magnetic features on Earth, challenging scientists to understand its causes and to anticipate its potential effects on modern technology and the planet’s natural systems.

Author’s summary: Scientists are tracking the growing South Atlantic Anomaly, a vast weakening in Earth's magnetic field that threatens global technological and ecological stability.

Agenda Malvinas — 2025-11-11